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Date: Wed, 2 Nov 94 17:29:56 PST From: Info-Hams Mailing List and Newsgroup <info-hams@ucsd.edu> Errors-To: Info-Hams-Errors@UCSD.Edu Reply-To: Info-Hams@UCSD.Edu Precedence: List Subject: Info-Hams Digest V94 #1183 To: Info-Hams Info-Hams Digest Wed, 2 Nov 94 Volume 94 : Issue 1183 Today's Topics: Amateur Radio: Elmers List Quick-Search Index Converting Lat/Lon to Int. Locator Coordinates Newbie questions Popular 75 meter "Piss and Moan" Net t Warning - PDA Logic problems YAESU 900 and KENWOOD 50S Send Replies or notes for publication to: <Info-Hams@UCSD.Edu> Send subscription requests to: <Info-Hams-REQUEST@UCSD.Edu> Problems you can't solve otherwise to brian@ucsd.edu. Archives of past issues of the Info-Hams Digest are available (by FTP only) from UCSD.Edu in directory "mailarchives/info-hams". We trust that readers are intelligent enough to realize that all text herein consists of personal comments and does not represent the official policies or positions of any party. Your mileage may vary. So there. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Tue, 1 Nov 1994 12:00:25 GMT From: pschleck@gonix.com (Paul W Schleck KD3FU) Subject: Amateur Radio: Elmers List Quick-Search Index Posted-By: auto-faq 3.2.1.2 Archive-name: radio/ham-radio/elmers/index Quick Search Index by Subject: (Note: This index is not necessarily all-inclusive and some Elmers are listed more than once.) AMATEUR RADIO EMERGENCY SERVICE MAILING LISTS (ARES)/RADIO AMATEUR CIVIL EMERGENCY SERVICE (RACES) Ackerman (TAPR Net-SIG) Bellville (First Contact Newsletter) Botterell (Networks in Emergency Botterell (Networks in Emergency Management Mailing List) Mangement) Chilton (EMA Radio Officer) Engehausen, et al (AA4RE Packet Engehausen (RACES Bulletins) BBS) Fyodorov (Russia) Dodell (Land-Mobile Radio, Humphries (ex-Asst. EC) MARS Members) Magid Ehrlich (Many, see full entry) Stader (EMAS SEC) Freeman, M (ACC Equipment) Wilson Knapp, et al (Iowa State Elmers) Knell (UK TCP/IP Networking Group) AMATEUR TELEPRINTER OVER RADIO Prescott (Antique and Older (AMTOR)/PACKET TELEPRINTER OVER Tube Equipment) RADIO (PACTOR)/RADIO TELETYPE (RTTY) Meredith (PBBS Bulletin Forwarding, F6FBB Packet BBS) Battles Nerenberg (DX) Doane Schleck, et al (College Clubs) Feeney (PACTOR) Wier (Motorola HC11/HC16 and ICOM) Freeman, J (AMTOR and PACTOR) Williamson (Many, AMSAT-related) Graham, P Reynolds (ARQ and FEC modes) MEDIA (PUBLICATION/WRITING/ Richards BROADCATING) Sayer (also decoding CHU's ASCII time code) Battles (QST) Bellville (First Contact Newsletter) AMERICA ON-LINE Bloom (QEX) Coletti, et al (Newsline) Stader (Host, Lau (QST/QEX) Ham Radio Club forum) Lloyd (QRZ! Ham Radio CDROM) Moore (Co-Host, Ham Radio and More) AMERICAN RADIO RELAY LEAGUE (ARRL) MEDIUM FREQUENCY (MF, 160 meters) Battles (QST Features Editor) Freeman Bloom (ARRL HQ Postmaster, Harris QEX Editor) Zurn Doane (CT SM) Elmore (CO TC) MICROWAVE Hare (Laboratory Manager) Jahnke (VEC Manager) Graham, P (1.2 Ghz repeaters) Lau (Technical Editor) Hammill Redding (Educational Advisor) Jahnke (SSB/CW SHF Contesting) Sefranek (EMAS TA) Lau (Transverters up to Stader (EMAS SEC) 24 Ghz) Turner (Volunteer Counsel) Sargent (3, 5, and 10 Ghz) Wilson (SCV SM) van Vliet (including Power Amplifiers, Low-Noise Amplifiers, ANTENNAS and Mixers) Brewer (wire HF) MILITARY AFFILIATE RADIO SYSTEM Billson (HF) (MARS) Brubaker (HF) DePolo (including VHF/UHF) Doane (Navy) Elmore Dodell (Air Force, Mailing List) Freeman, J (wire HF and 160m) Miller (Air Force) Graham, J (wire HF for Monson (Army) apartments) Sargent (Army) Halbert (simple designs) Schildt (Army MARS HQ Internet/ Harris Milnet Contact and Registration Hill (Mobile, including HF) Service) Humphries (VHF and multi-band Taylor (Air Force) wire arrays) Welch, J (Navy/Marine Corps) Kulyov (HF, especially 160 and Welch, V (Navy/Marine Corps, 80m) list of MARS members on the Myers (and transmission Internet, tentative BBS lines) conference) Ornitz (including computer modelling) MOBILE Potter Reynolds Carruth (FM and HT's) Rymell Hare (RFI issues) Salnick Hill (including HF) Salyzyn Humphries Sefranek Keller (HF) Silva Salmon (Maritime) Standerfer Sargent Stine (wire HF) Salyzyn (HF CW) Stockton Taylor NATIONAL TRAFFIC SYSTEM (NTS) Zurn (wire HF) Doane ANTIQUE AND OLDER EQUIPMENT Elmore Salyzyn (Canada) Brewer (40's-70's) Sargent Keys (including HF and CW) Zurn (Europe) Prescott (Mailing List) Moore, T (VHF) NOVICE/TECH INSTRUCTION Paperman (Manuals, Service Information, and Literature) Bellville (First Contact Newsletter) Standerfer Billson Turner (including Kenwood and Bono (AutoExam/AutoCW) Ten-Tec) Carlson (Macintosh Hamstacks) Chilton APPLE MACINTOSH COMPUTER Knapp, et al Larson Braun Magid Carlson (Macintosh Hamstacks) Maia Ehrlich (FTP archive) Myers (including basic Stader (List of Macintosh electronics and communications Amateur Radio Software) theory) Van Peursem (Savant) Redding Reeves BATTERIES Salmon Stader Hammill (Sealed Lead-Acid) Meyers PACKET Stuart (including Ni-Cads) Ackerman (including TCP/IP, BULLETIN-BOARD SYSTEMS (BBS'S) TAPR, Net-SIG, and Kantronics D4-10 19.2kBaud Radio Modems) Appell (including Alinco and Angus (TCP/IP, NOS, UUPC, Yaesu Product Info and Feedback) Tnet, and SNEWS, SCO Xenix Gathergood (CQ Centre) TCP/IP and Sendmail, IP Coordinator for CA - LA CALLSIGN DATA/NATIONAL TECHNICAL County subnet) INFORMATION SERVICE (NTIS) Battles (AX.25 and TCP/IP) Bloom (IP Coordinator for Carruth Connecticut subnet) Lloyd (including QRZ! Ham-Radio Braun (TCP/IP, Macintosh, IP CDROM) Coordinator for WNY subnet) Cole (TCP/IP and NOS) CIVIL AIR PATROL (CAP) Dodell (IP Coordinator for Arizona subnet) Carlson Elmore (including TCP/IP) Moore, J Engehausen, et al (AA4RE Packet BBS and Mailing List) COLLEGE CLUBS Freeman, J (KAM, TCP/IP, NOS for DOS and OS/2) Edwards Fyodorov (AX.25 and TCP/IP in Knapp, et al Russia) Schallehn Graham, J (KAMterm) Schleck (et al, Mailing List) Graham, P (VHF) Knapp, et al COMMERCIAL EQUIPMENT Knell (UK TCP/IP Networking Group Mailing List) Dodell (Mailing List) Meredith (AZ Packet Coordinator, Richards PBBS Bulletin Forwarding Mailing Wier (ICOM Mailing List) List, F6FBB Packet BBS Mailing List) CW (MORSE CODE) Nielsen (TAPR) Reynolds (including TCP/IP over HF) Bono (AutoCW) Salyzyn (Canadian) Elmore Sargent Fyodorov (including Cyrillic) Sayer (VHF) Keys (including CWIST HF CW Net) Schallehn (Kantronics) Kulyov Stader (TCP/IP and Macintosh) Rosenfeld Vail (TCP/IP, TAPR/9600, IP Salyzyn Coordinator for East/Central Silva Massachusetts subnet) Squicciarini Van Peursem (Savant and Stine Macintosh) Stockton Tescher (Computer Programs) PART-15 BROADCASTING Zurn (including European abbreviations) Ornitz DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING (DSP) POWER SUPPLIES Bloom Myers Edwards Sefranek van Vliet (Filters, including Stuart Integrated, Distributed, Lumped, and Active) PRODUCT INFO/FEEDBACK EQUIPMENT TESTING/TROUBLESHOOTING Appell (Alinco and Yaesu) Freeman, M and Shirley (Advanced Billson Computer Controls - ACC) Brewer (Tube Gear) Paperman (Manuals, Service Freeman, J (PC ISA Bus) Information, and Literature) Hare (ARRL Laboratory Manager) Wier (ICOM) Myers Ornitz (Instrumentation) QRP (LOW POWER) Paperman (Manuals, Service Information, and Literature) Billson Rymell (Electronics and Computer Halbert (HF) Service Work) Harris Salnick Sargent (VHF) Salyzyn Stockton Sefranek (including Power Supplies Turner (including Ten-Tec and Amplifiers) Argonaut) Standerfer Ehrlich, et al (Mailing List) Stockton Zurn Taylor Tescher RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE (RFI) Witte (Instrumentation) Elmore FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (FAQ's) Graham, P (including PC's) Hare (including Automotive, Bloom (ARRL E-mail and Info Server) Telephone, and Cable Television) Bowen (Supplemental FTP Archives, Myers Internet Callbook Server) Stockton Cheeseman (Australia) Witte Dodell (rec.radio.info Newsgroup) Ehrlich (World-Wide Web) RECIPROCAL LICENSING/FOREIGN OPERATION Hill (Antennas) Holmstead (Satellites/Space) Andrews (New Zealand) Jahnke (VE Exams Scheduled) Flaherty (South Pacific) Kluft (General) Fyodorov (Russia) Salyzyn (Radio Amateurs on Usenet) Levine (Australia and Japan) Stader (Macintosh Amateur Radio Salmon Software) Salyzyn (Canada) Turvey (United Kingdom) Stockton (UK) Woods (Mail Order Electronics) Zurn (Italy and Germany) Yee (Online Repeater Directory) REPEATERS HANDICAPPED OPERATING Battles Billson Chilton Doane De Armond Knapp, et al DePolo (VHF/UHF) Graham, P (including 1.2 Ghz) HIGH FREQUENCY (HF)/ Keller (220 Mhz) CONTESTING/DX Knapp, et al Schallehn (VHF/UHF) Battles Witte Brubaker Chilton SATELLITES Elmore Fyodorov Bass (including low-cost, QRP Hill (Mobile) Microsat stations) Knapp, et al Feeney Kulyov Flaherty (including OSCAR) Nerenberg (DX Mailing List) Williamson (InstantTrack, OrbitDRV, Rosenfeld (including practical AMSAT Services) QSLing tips) Salmon (including DXpeditions) SEMINARS/LECTURES Salnick Silva Humphries Squicciarini Redding Tidd (DXCC Databases) Stuart (Batteries and Power Zurn Supplies) HOMEBREWING/DO-IT-YOURSELF TANDY COLOR COMPUTER AND OS-9 Billson (6809 uP) Billson Bloom (including DSP) Carruth (Digital Design, TELEVISION, FAST-SCAN (ATV) Software) Chilton Chilton De Armond Feeney DePolo (including VHF/UHF Hammill design and construction) Edwards (including DSP) TELEVISION, SLOW-SCAN (SSTV) Fyodorov (including computers) Halbert (QRP) Langner Harris Keys (Junk Box projects, National UNIX Electrical Code for Hams) Kohnen (Tubes) Angus (including SCO Xenix Kulyov TCP/IP and Sendmail) Lau (Transverters, VHF/UHF, Carruth (System Administration) Filters, repeatable projects) Cole (including Linux) Myers (Transmission Lines, Ehrlich Analog and Digital Design) Freeman, J Moore, T (Junk Box projects) Moore, C (including X-Windows) Rymell (Electronics and Computers, Sayer (especially SunOS) Low-Cost projects) Tescher Salyzyn Van Peursem (HP-UX and System Sayer (Class-C Bipolar Amplifiers Administration) and Phased-Lock-Loop Circuits) Silva (Analog, Digital, Tubes, VERY HIGH FREQUENCY (VHF)/ Semiconductors, RF, Finding ULTRA HIGH FREQUENCY (UHF) Parts) Stine (Tube Amplifiers, Battles Receivers, and Exciters) Carpenter (6 meters) Stockton (including QRP) DePolo (Weak Signal, Contesting, Stuart (Batteries and Power and Repeaters) Supplies) Flaherty (including Amplifiers and Taylor (Tubes and Amplifiers) Mailing List) Tescher Graham, P (Commercial Rig van Vliet (including Power Conversions) Amplifiers, Low-Noise Amplifiers, Hammill (including ATV and DX) and Mixers for Microwave) Humphries (2m FM) Jahnke (CW/SSB Contesting and IBM PERSONAL COMPUTER (PC) AND Weak Signal) CLONES Lau (CW/SSB to 222 Mhz) Moore, T Angus Reynolds Bono (AutoExam, et al) Richards (Monitoring) Braun Sargent (2 and 6 meter AM and Cole Contesting) Ehrlich Silva Freeman, J (including OS/2 and Witte (including Portable ISA bus) and Mountaintopping) Fyodorov Keller VOLUNTEER EXAMINER (VE) PROGRAM Tescher Billson INTERNET SERVICES Carlson (W5YI) DePolo Ehrlich Ehrlich, et al (ARRL VEC Mailing Schleck List Jahnke (ARRL VEC Manager) MAIL-SERVERS/ARCHIVES Kohnen (W5YI) Maia (W5YI VEC) Bloom (ARRL Info Server) Reeves Bowen (rec.radio.amateur.* Salmon (Sunnyvale) Supplemental Archives) Sefranek (ARRL and W5YI) Deignan (Buckmaster CDROM) Sternitzke (W5YI Asst. VEC) Ehrlich (Boston ARC FTP archive and WWW Page) Harding (Ham Server) Nielsen (TAPR) Shirley (ACC Equipment) -- 73, Paul W. Schleck, KD3FU pschleck@gonix.com (personal mail) elmers-request@gonix.com (Elmers List administrivia) ------------------------------ Date: Sat, 29 Oct 1994 19:23:08 +0000 From: John@kirsta.demon.co.uk (John Morris) Subject: Converting Lat/Lon to Int. Locator Coordinates In article <frederick.mckenzie-1-2710941626220001@k4dii.ksc.nasa.gov> frederick.mckenzie-1@kmail.ksc.nasa.gov "Fred McKenzie" writes: > In article <38ogvg$91s@Kontron.De>, tom@kontron.de (Thomas de Lellis) wrote: > > Does anyone out there have an algorithm for converting latitude-longitude > > coordinates to international locator coordinates? > > Also, I seem to remember seeing somewhere that there is more than one > > locator scheme (i.e. ARRL vs. what is used in Europe, etc.) What > > are the differences? > > Thomas- > > The locator scheme I'm familiar with, is called "Maidenhead". It was > named for a conference held in Maidenhead, England, where agreement was > reached for a standard scheme. I believe most hams worldwide, are > refering to the Maidenhead scheme, when they talk about "Grid Squares". Essentially correct. In Europe we tend to call the four character references "locator squares", or just "squares". During contest and dx (and not so dx) working six character references are exchanged. However, it is all the same system, world-wide. I have a filing drawer full of info and a disk full of programs to do things with locators; dating back to when I invented the system in 1979 or 80. I have a couple of short Basic (well, QBASIC) subroutines which I use in my quick and dirty programs for conversion between locators and lat- long. I'll post them if there's any demand. It really is very simple - that being one of my design goals at the time. I may be able to dig out my orginal ASCII description of the system, if anyone is interested. There was a system ("QRA") which predated "Maidenhead", but which was used only in Europe and the nearby edges of Africa and Asia. It is rarely heard now. -- John Morris Ada Lovelace set a major precedent we follow to this John@kirsta.demon.co.uk day: she worked on a project that was over budget, GM4ANB@GB7EDN.#77.GBR.EU late, and didn't do what it was supposed to do. - Michael D Shapiro ------------------------------ Date: 2 Nov 1994 03:11:43 GMT From: greenla@umich.edu (Lee Green MD MPH) Subject: Newbie questions In article <CyEs1q.DBq@seas.ucla.edu>, gbrewer@neon.icsl.ucla.edu (Gregory A. Brewer) wrote: > I am a Newbie to everything. I have a friend who got me interested > in amateur radio. I have studied the questions for technician and > novice. I am now just starting to work on my code so that is > why I have several questions that hopefully somebody can > help me with.... Welcome to a great hobby! > 1) I need to find out when/where are the tests given for > novice/tech in the L.A. preferably the Hollywood area. Well, from the frozen north here (Michigan), can't help there. 6-landers? > 2) Where can I get the code practice software? My friend has > it but only for the mac. Simple solution: get a Mac. This is written from a PowerMac 7100, which snacks on Pentiums. (Donning asbestos suit, awaiting flames from DOS-weenies ;-) > > 3) What's W1AW? .... I realize it is a call sign but for what? For the ARRL's station in Connecticut. They broadcast code practice sessions, among other things. I recommend that over the computer method, personally. The real live on-air article is better practice. The computer program will get you past the test, but the real world... > 4) What is an electronic keyer with side paddles? Hard to explain, easy to grasp once you see one. Bearing in mind I'm a straight-key retro-grouch on CW despite my use of PacTOR and spread-spectrum microwave: it's a gizmo with a pair of keys oriented flats-vertical rather than horizontal like a straight key, and when you hit one it does a dit and the other does a dah. The fast CW ops all use them, or send by computer. You'll also hear it called an iambic keyer. A "bug" is semi-automatic: one side does dits, the other is on for as long as you hold it, rather than an automatic dah as in a full keyer. You work a keyer with your thumb on one side and index finger on the other, using the side of your first knuckle on the finger not the tip. > Please help a poor and unfortunate student get his call sign and > that way he can add more stuff to his .sig =8^) Hope your sig doesn't end up as wordy as mine... 73 and hope to catch you on the air. -Lee KF8MO, "digital modes only" -- Lee Green MD MPH Disclaimer: Information for general interest Family Practice and discussion only. I can't examine you via University of Michigan the Internet, so you should ALWAYS consult greenla@umich.edu your personal physician. These posts are my personal doings, not a service of nor the responsibility of the University of Michigan. ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 1 Nov 1994 15:24:33 GMT From: dpt@ri.cadre.com (Dan P. Trainor) Subject: Popular 75 meter "Piss and Moan" Net t Ah Yes... Sit back with a bottle of the "red stuufff" and listen to the Piss and Moan Net! Pissing and Moaning, Moaning and Pissing... I just don't know...Brurrrr... Nothing better on a Sunday night. I just happen to catch the net on last Sunday and I was in stitches! What a great crew. Especially WA1HLR and ofcouse the very funny W1JS. Dan KB1JX in RI ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 2 Nov 1994 14:03:31 GMT From: bsplaine@dogxray.sr.hp.com (Bill Splaine) Subject: Warning - PDA Logic problems Hi Michael, I can't resolve your irritation, but, if as you state, you are out big bucks and an entire log book etc, I don't understand why the two or three dollars it might cost to take care of the problem is not worth it. I have made a few calls to Dennis in the past and found him to be VERY helpful. In fact I found a problem with my Logic4Windows after calling him, he sent me two new floppies with the fix. That is what I call service. If you have a problem you can fax him and he replies at his cost via fax or phone. I don't believe he is trying to screw anyone. Having tried many different types of logging software, I have to say this is the best by far (for my purposes which is general logging/mostly dxing/some contesting. You might switch due to your problem/irritation, but you won't find a better software or support.........73 de Bill -- /\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \ Bill Splaine E-MAIL > bsplaine@sr.hp.com / / Hewlett Packard VOICE > (707) 577-2913 \ \ Santa Rosa, CA 95403 FAX > (707) 577-2095 / / ALL STANDARD DISCLAIMERS APPLY PACKET > N6GHG@KC6PJW \ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/ ------------------------------ Date: Sat, 29 Oct 1994 22:55:38 -0200 From: kham@@network.ucsd.edu Subject: YAESU 900 and KENWOOD 50S In article <2EAE2F12@smtp>, pve@dg13.cec.BE (VEKINIS Peter) wrote: > I bought a TS50S about a year ago, and it has become my favorite radio. As a > real mobile fan, I installed it in the car and use it every day on a net on > 20m. It's a great little radio. With the MFJ 949D mobile tuner (an extra > $89) it works on most bands with the 20m Hustler whip. I bought it for $990 > plus the $89 for the tuner. A great combination. > > Then the 900 was advertized. As someone who likes bying newly released > radios for mobile/portable operation, I bought it from HRO as well (it cost > $1230). I also bought the mobile mount and the remote kit (the cable to > extend the placement of the front panel). > > Well as soon as I connected it, it didnt work. I reset it and got pretty > upset about it (I had bought a 747 about 1.5 years ago, and the wide AM > filter was broken - so much about my Yaesu experience), but it still didnt > work. It didnt turn on. Then my friend Dan, KA7AGN/DA1DW switched the > battery switch off, reset it and voila! It worked. This leads me to believe: > 1/static is a problem for the 900, and 2/Information that may help the user > was not in the manual; it should have been. > > So if you buy a 900, remember that if it doesnt turn-on, it may be a reset > static problem. Underneath the unit there is a Battery switch, push it to > off, reset the radio, and put the battery switch back to on. It should work. > > Peter, KC1QF > pve@dg13.cec.be I am curious to know how you compare the two now that they both work? Am considering a 900 or TH 450 or IC 728, ect. Thanks, Dave KA7HDN/AE ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 1 Nov 1994 14:07:12 GMT From: zlau@arrl.org (Zack Lau (KH6CP)) References<1994Oct30.215855.18635@ke4zv.atl.ga.us> <1994Oct31.171248.12410@arrl.org>, <1994Oct31.201515.1087@ke4zv.atl.ga.us> Subject: Re: Subject: W1AW steps on others? Gary Coffman KE4ZV (gary@ke4zv.atl.ga.us) wrote: : That's absolutely right, and I do listen on the uplink before transmitting. : Several times I've heard simplex FM QSOs going on. I've politely broken : the QSO and asked them to respect the satellite subband. A couple of them : have told me to get stuffed, so I just QSY down the passband a bit and : go about my business. I do *not* have the right to transmit over an : on going QSO, and neither does W1AW. Thanks for the info. I've always wondered whether QST should reject articles that advocate "transmit only" satellite capability on certain bands. I'm sure I'll see more of these if we get another satellite with a 1269 MHz uplink. -- Zack Lau KH6CP/1 2 way QRP WAS 8 States on 10 GHz Internet: zlau@arrl.org 10 grids on 2304 MHz ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 2 Nov 1994 21:14:20 GMT From: phb@syseng1.melpar.esys.com (Paul H. Bock) References<5c.27673.23@pplace.com> <Cy5I2y.FF8@news.Hawaii.Edu>, <397eb5$1i7@canada.unbc.edu> Subject: Re: Real Hams lyndon@canada.unbc.edu (Lyndon Nerenberg) writes: >jeffrey@kahuna.tmc.edu (Jeffrey Herman) writes: >>Rather, you should study the history of amateur radio; without >>the ARRL lobbying for us over the last 70 or so years we wouldn't >>exist today. Surely if you have any interest in this hobby you >>wouldn't mind reading a bit about our history, no? >What, specifically, did the ARRL do to ensure the continued existence >of Amateur Radio in Spain? Sweden? or Canada for that matter? >Don't confuse your *opinions* with actual history. By becoming an effective lobbying agency for amateur radio in the United States and developing a good rapport with the necessary U.S. Government agencies (initially the Commerce Dept., then the Federal Radio Commission, then the FCC), and by organizing an effective system of trunk lines for message handling nationwide as well as publicizing and encouraging amateur assistance to public agencies and the public at large during natural disasters and emergencies, ARRL succeeded in creating an "image" of amateur radio in the minds of U.S. Government officials as "a good thing." This was particularly true during WWI when ARRL assisted in actually recruiting radio operators for the war effort. As a result, every U.S. delegation to every international conference on radio spectrum use went in predisposed to protect the right of amateurs to exist; in fact, prominent amateurs were always invited to participate as part of the U.S. delegation. For better or for worse, it is during this century that the U.S. has risen to a position of relative preeminence in world politics, although perhaps this is becoming less true today. As a result, the U.S. has been in a position to "swing a certain amount of weight" at international conferences, and thus to propose and ultimately have accepted certain positions, including the protection of amateur radio frequency allocations. Thus, other ntions have "gone along" with *some* U.S. proposals (but not without a *lot* of "back-room politicking). However, I hasten to point out that securing the survival of ham radio has not been without considerable struggle in some countries by their own amateur populations; in fact, there re still many countries which do not *really* enjoy the "freedom" of all citizens to participate in this activity. So, I think the point is not that the U.S. or the ARRL ever *actively* lobbied in someone else's country to "protect" or "encourage" amateur radio, other than by providing moral support for groups in those respective countries trying to do that; but rather that had the ARRL or a like organization not existed in the U.S., there would have been no particularly strong support *in the U.S. Government* for the position of the amateur, and the U.S. delegations to the conferences would not have deemed it of value to lobby (often against considerable odds) for amateur radio at all. I happen to hold the view (shared by many) that without a strong U.S. lobby at those early conferences, amateur radio might have gone out of existence as early as the early '20s. Incidentally, the book "200 Meters and Down" by Clinton B. DeSoto, describes in quite detailed fashion the behind-the-scenes lobbying that went on at the international conferences, and early on it was basically the U.S., Canada, and some of the British Empire countries which stood against most of the rest of the world in trying to secure and protect frequency allocations for amateurs. 73, Paul, K4MSG (|_|) Paul H. Bock, Jr. K4MSG Internet: pbock@melpar.esys.com | |) Principal Systems Engineer Telephone: (703) 560-5000 x2062 "You can have my bug when you can pry my cold, dead fingers from around it....." - anonymous radiotelegraph operator ------------------------------ End of Info-Hams Digest V94 #1183 ******************************